Advanced filtration

Reverse osmosis, a process in which the passage of solvent from the more concentrated solution to the less concentrated solution is forced to pass through a membrane that retains the solute on one side and allows to obtain the filtered solvent on the other.
The process is not simply a physical filtration, but takes advantage of the different chemical affinity of the species with the membrane, allowing only the passage of hydrophilic molecules.

Reverse osmosis is used in water treatment, both for desalination, both for the removal of traces of phosphate, calcium and heavy metals, as well as drug residues and radioactive materials.

Using ultrafiltration can be removed bacteria, viruses and proteins. An example of the use of ultrafiltration is the recovery of proteins from the residues of milk processing.
This technology used in many industrial fields, by the food industry to the textile industry,from  the coating to the paper productive process and for desalination of water.
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The MBR system combines an activated sludge process with membrane separation process, which replaces the secondary sedimentation tank.
This process is able to guarantee purified water with very high quality characteristics without energy-intensive technologies allow reuse for civil, agricultural and industrial use.
The membrane system also finds application in the revamping of existing plants thanks to operating flexibility and reduced dimensions.

The main advantages are:

• high efficiency in the removal of suspended solids and bacterial load
• excellent reduction in BOD
• saving in space and, in some cases,in cost of installation
• reduced sludge production  
• possibility reuse of treated water

The disadvantages include:

• cost and duration of the membranes
• maintenance costs related to frequent cleaning of membranes